Report of Quantitative Research Essay -- Research Analysis

EL (English Learners) students are given an added challenge of succeeding in the education system do to their lack of strong English understanding and abilities. Authors Townsend, D. and Collins, P. published the findings of their research on EL students and the advantages of a specialized learning program. Over a period of several months, the researchers studied and worked with students from a middle school in southern California. At the end of the study, it was hoped that their efforts would lead to an improvement in the students who participated in the programs understanding of English vocabulary words. Research Questions/Hypotheses No specific hypothesis is noted, but the researchers do address the issues that drive the study. They state that the current study is concerned with, â€Å"applying evidence-based strategies in a new context: adolescent EL students learning general academic vocabulary words† (Townsend and Collins, 2009, p.997). The study also addresses, â€Å"the extent to which there is a threshold of English proficiency necessary for students to learn general academic vocabulary words† (Townsend and Collins, 2009, p. 997). These issues are addressed by the following research question: 1. Can an after-school, evidence-based academic vocabulary development intervention increase the academic vocabulary knowledge of middle school EL? 2. To what extent does English learners’ proficiency in English mediate their response to a vocabulary development intervention? It was hoped by studying a group of middle school students over a period that they would see growth in those student who participated in a program designed to add English vocabulary comprehension to their academic development would help them as EL students. T... ...s a great need to continue and accelerate the research and instructional efforts to support the academic literacy development of adolescent EL students† (p. 1015). A study that incorporates greater elements of vocabulary, reading comprehension, and time, is perceived to be needed in order to improve EL learner’s education. Townsend and Collins believe that there research can lead to much needed further research and that this can in turn help EL students achieve in a greater educational level. Works Cited Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merrill (Pearson). Townsend, D. & Collins, P. (2009). Academic vocabulary and middle school English learners: An intervention study. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 22, 993-1019.

Frederick Douglass Learning to Read Essay

In Frederick Douglass’s narrative essay, â€Å"Learning to Read,† he explains how he taught himself how to read and write. His slave owners did not want him to earn an education, since they feared a slave who thought independently. I believe Douglass does not have an enabling figure in his life because he taught himself, through challenging other children, how to read and write. This was the stepping stone to achieving his education. Douglass overcame various obstacles in his life, such as learning to read and write, and gaining his freedom. Initially, his mistress tutored him, but turned cold-hearted and quit. Luckily, Douglass befriended the little white boys who helped teach him to read. For example, Douglass claimed, â€Å"The plan which I adopted and the one by which I was most successful, was that of making friends of all the little white boys whom I met in the street. As many of these as I could, I converted into teachers† (Douglass 347). With the aid of the white boys in the neighborhood, Douglass successfully learned to read; in other words, he creatively manipulated a negative obstacle into a powerful tool. As Douglass became more interested in reading, he contrived little steps to build his writing techniques to a climax. His masters worried that if a slave were to get an education they could endure ideas that would be harmful. He started to read newspapers and books in the free time he had between errands. This being, as Frederick began to read more he discovered what it really meant to be a slave. He started to wonder why he would not be free, unlike the other white boys. Douglass began to despise his masters because he considered that everyone should have the freedom to be educated. Thus, as Douglass worked in the ship-yard, he became more familiar with the alphabet. After learning his first four letters, he began to compose words consisting of them. Next, he would challenge other boys in the neighborhood whether they could write better than him. For example, Douglass expresses, â€Å"I would then make the letters which I had been so fortunate as to learn, and ask him to beat that. In this way I got a good many lessons in writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass 349). This being said, Douglass learned how to write successfully with the lessons learned from challenging the other boys. In conclusion, Douglass recognized the inequality that his masters were making because they thought that slavery and education were not  compatible. Succeeding at reading gave him the power to make his own decisions in discovering who he really was. His perseverance emphasizes that the only teacher, who taught him to read and write, was himself.

Aztec Origins and the Founding of Tenochtitlan

The origins of the Aztec Empire are part legend, part archaeological and historical fact. When the Spanish conquistador Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s arrived in Basin of Mexico in 1517, he found that the Aztec Triple Alliance, a strong political, economic and military pact, controlled the basin and indeed much of central America. But where did they come from, and how did they get to be so powerful? The Origins of the Aztecs The Aztecs, or, more properly, the Mexica as they called themselves, were not originally from the Valley of Mexico but rather migrated from the north. They called their homeland Aztlan, The Place of Herons., but Aztlan is a location which has not as yet been identified archaeologically and was likely at least partly mythical. According to their own records, the Mexica and other tribes were known as a group as the Chichimeca, left their homes in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States because of a great drought. This story is told in several surviving codices (painted folding books), in which the Mexica are shown carrying with them the idol of their patron deity Huitzilopochtli. After two centuries of migration, at around AD 1250, the Mexica arrived in the Valley of Mexico. Today, the Basin of Mexico is filled with the sprawling metropolis of Mexico City; but underneath the modern streets are the ruins of Tenochtitlà ¡n, the site where the Mexica settled, and the capital city for the Aztec empire. Basin of Mexico Before the Aztecs When the Aztecs arrived in the Valley of Mexico, it was far from an empty place. Because of its wealth of natural resources, the valley has been continuously occupied for thousands of years, the first known substantial occupation established at least as early as the second century BC. The Valley of Mexico lies ~2,100 meters (7,000 feet) above sea level, and it is surrounded by high mountains, some of which are active volcanoes. Water coursing down in streams from these mountains created a series of shallow, marshy lakes that provided a rich source for animals and fish, plants, salt and water for cultivation. Today the Valley of Mexico is almost entirely covered by the monstrous expansion of Mexico City: but there were ancient ruins as well as thriving communities when the Aztecs arrived, including the abandoned stone structures of two major cities: Teotihuacan and Tula, both referred to by the Aztecs as the Tollans. Teotihuacà ¡n: Almost a thousand years before the Aztecs, the huge and carefully planned city of Teotihuacà ¡n (occupied between 200 BC and AD 750) flourished there. Today Teotihuacan is a popular archaeological site a few miles north of modern Mexico City that attracts thousands of tourists each year. The word Teotihuacà ¡n is a Nahuatl (the language spoken by the Aztecs) word meaning The Birthplace of the Gods. We dont know its real name, but the Aztecs gave this name to the city because it was a sacred place associated with the legendary origins of the world. Tula: Another city that developed in the Valley of Mexico before the Aztecs was the city of Tula, the early post-classic capital of the Toltecs between AD 950 and 1150. The Toltecs were considered by the Aztecs to be the ideal rulers, brave warriors who excelled in the arts and sciences. Tula was so revered by the Aztecs that the king Motecuhzoma (aka Montezuma) sent people to dig up Toltec objects for use in the temples at Tenochtitlà ¡n. The Mexica were awestruck by the massive structures built by the Tollans, considering Teotihuacan to be the sacred setting for the creation of the current world or Fifth Sun. The Aztecs carried away and reused objects from the sites: more than 40 Teotihuacan-style objects have been found in offerings within Tenochtitlans ceremonial precinct. Aztec Arrival in Tenochtitlà ¡n When the Mexica arrived in the Valley of Mexico about 1200 AD, both Teotihuacà ¡n and Tula had been abandoned for centuries; but other groups were already settled on the best land. These were groups of Chichimecs, related to the Mexica, who had migrated from the north in earlier times. The late-coming Mexica were forced to settle on the inhospitable hill of Chapultepec or Grasshopper Hill. There they became vassals of the city of Culhuacan, a prestigious city whose rulers were considered the heirs of the Toltecs. As acknowledgment for their assistance in battle, the Mexica were given one of the daughters of the King of Culhuacan to be worshiped as a goddess/priestess. When the king arrived to attend the ceremony, he found one of the Mexica priests dressed in the flayed skin of his daughter: the Mexica reported to the king that their God Huitzilopochtli had asked for the sacrifice of the princess. The sacrifice and flaying of the Culhua Princess provoked a ferocious battle, which the Mexica lost. They were forced to leave Chapultepec and move to some marshy islands in the middle of the lake. Tenochtitlà ¡n: Living in a Marshland After they were forced out of Chapultepec, according to the Mexica myth, the Aztecs wandered for weeks, searching for a place to settle. Huitzilopochtli appeared to the Mexica leaders and indicated a place where a great eagle was perched on a cactus killing a snake. This place, smack dab in the middle of a marsh with no proper ground at all, was where the Mexica founded their capital, Tenochtitlà ¡n. The year was 2 Calli (Two House) in the Aztec calendar, which translates in our modern calendars to AD 1325. The apparently unfortunate position of their city, in the middle of a marsh, actually facilitated economic connections and protected Tenochtitlà ¡n from military attacks by restricting access to the site by canoe or boat traffic. Tenochtitlà ¡n grew rapidly as both a commercial and military center. The Mexica were skillful and fierce soldiers and, despite the story of the Culhua princess, they were also able politicians who created solid alliances with the surrounding cities. Growing a Home in the Basin The city grew rapidly, with palaces and well-organized residential areas and aqueducts providing fresh water to the city from the mountains. At the center of the city stood the sacred precinct with ball courts, schools for nobles, and priests quarters. The ceremonial heart of the city and of the whole empire was the Great Temple of Mexico-Tenochtitlà ¡n, known as the Templo Mayor or Huey Teocalli (the Great House of the Gods). This was a stepped pyramid with a double temple on top dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc, the main deities of the Aztecs. The temple, decorated with bright colors, was rebuilt many times during Aztec history. The seventh and final version was seen and described by Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s and the conquistadors. When Cortà ©s and his soldiers entered the Aztec capital on November 8, 1519, they found one of the largest cities in the world. Sources Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Healan D. 2012. The Archaeology of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Research 20(1):53-115.Smith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005, The Aztecs: New Perspectives. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO Inc.

Practicing Job Interviews for ESL

Teaching ESL or English for Specific Purposes classes almost always includes preparing students for job interviews. There are a number of resources on the site focusing on the type of language used during job interviews. This lesson focuses on helping students practice job interviews with each other while using prepared notes helping students recognize appropriate language to be used during the job interview. There are three essential parts to dealing with job interviews for students: Raising consciousness as to what expect in job interviewsHaving students carefully reflect on their own skills, strengths and weaknessesProviding pragmatic language skill guidance on appropriate language including tenses, vocational vocabulary, and standard application documents such as the resume and cover letters This practicing job interviews lesson plan helps with providing pragmatic language skills for the job interview through extensive note taking combined with appropriate tense and vocabulary review. Aim Improve job interviewing skills Activity Practicing job interviews Level intermediate to advanced Outline If you havent already done so, discuss the job interviewing process in detail with your students. Make sure to mention and / or help students understand that the job interviewing process in the United States (or another country) is probably very different than in their own native country. Discuss the differences in detail, suggest that students think of the process as a game in which rules must be followed to help them get over possible frustrations with the job interviewing process.Take a look at some standard job interviewing questions and replies. Here are some examples:How long have you been in current position? - Ive worked here for two years.When did you join XYZ Inc.? - I began work at XYZ Inc. in 2003.Why would you like to work at ABC Ltd.? - Id like to work at ABC Ltd. because Id like to use my experience in a customer service setting. etc.Ask students / work with students to review the various tenses used to answer these questions. Review the concepts of:Present perfect (co ntinuous) to speak about work experience up to the present moment Present simple to discuss current job responsibilitiesPast simple to discuss past responsibilitiesUse of conditional forms to imagine situations at workIntroduce the concept using specific vocabulary to more specifically define responsibilities and capabilities (heres a great list of useful vocabulary for the resume and interview)Pass out the job interview worksheets (copy and paste into a document and print out for use in class).Ask students to complete both sections 1) as interviewer 2) as interviewee. Encourage students to focus specifically on tense usage and specific job vocabulary while completing this task.Circulate around the room helping students with the task, providing specific vocabulary, etc. Encourage students to write questions and responses beyond the cues provided on the worksheet.Give each student a number. Ask even number students to find an odd number student.Have even number students interview odd number students, asking them to refer to their worksheets when they get stuck.Have even number students team up with a different odd number student.Ask odd number students to interview even number students. This time, students should attempt to use their worksheets as seldom as possible.Discuss the practice sessions in detail.As a variation / extension, ask student interviewers to spend five minutes after each interview taking notes on strengths and weaknesses of the interview and share the notes withe the student interviewees. Job Interview Practice - Worksheet Use the following cues to write out full questions for a job interview. How long / work / present?How many / languages / speak?Strengths?Weaknesses?Past job?Current responsibilities?Education?Specific examples of responsibility at past job?Which position / want - like to have / new job?Future goals? Use the following cues to write out full responses for a job interview. Current job / schoolLast job / schoolLanguages / skillsHow long / work / current jobThree specific examples from past jobCurrent responsibilitiesStrengths / weaknesses (two for each)Why are you interested in this job?What are your future goals?Education

Animals And Society An Introduction To Human Animal Studies

Scientifically testing an animal is another way people abuse animals. When testing on animals, it causes them harm throughout their life. In the book Titled â€Å"Animals and Society: An introduction to Human-Animal Studies† by Margo DeMello he explains how animals hurt from birth to their last breathe. DeMello says, â€Å"Animals used for medical experiments and product testing live – from birth until death – often painful, lonely lives in small cages† (p. 237). These animals are kept in laboratories to test the products humans use on a daily basis such as Windex, Post-it Notes, Trojan Condoms, Mars Candy, Band-Aids, Kleenex and many other products we though could not be harmful to us or animals. 62 percent of animals are being used for testing for medical purposes and are also being tested on for the products we use in our daily lives according to the article, Save the Animals: Stop Animal Testing. Testing on animals is not the right thing to do, knowing that these animals go through a variety of testing, is painful. Animals are so much like humans. Like the article explains â€Å"Animals and people are alike in many ways; they both feel, think, behave, and experience pain† (â€Å"Save the Animals: Stop Animal Testing†). Most of the tests that are done on these animals are very harmful and may cause the animal to hurt for a while or even permanently. Sometimes these tests even cause the death of the animal. Abusing animals like this is also a way of abusing their rights. The most common ofShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 Pagesand against animal experimentation. The report begins with an introduction briefly outlining what animal experimentation refers to, introducing the three perspectives and highlighting the intention behind this investigation. 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Animal testing is notRead MoreThe Factors Influencing Human Behaviour Outside Of Other Non Human Animals1373 Words   |  6 PagesAnimals are one of the top factors influencing human behavior outside of other non-human animals. The interactions that occur between people and non-human animals, particularly in the Appalachian region, has led to profound changes both on the local community. The most significant interaction to take place and has influenced the area drastically is domestication. Four types of domestication at the forefront of Appalachian culture are livestock, blood-sports, pet keeping, and animal’s prevalence inRead MoreThe Ethics Of Monsanto s Ethical Culture1291 Words   |  6 Pagespast as far as ethical responsibility. Their blemished track record has put them in the position of critical evaluation on the topic of overall public and stakeholder interest, relating again to their ethical practices and perceived be nefits to the human population. 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Pharmacia Upjohn free essay sample

Pharmaceutical industry analyst estimate that it was common for patented prescription drugs to love up to 60% of their volume within six months after their patent expired due to generic competition. However, this situation was typical of prescription drugs and not necessarily prescription drugs converting to a nonprescription status upon expiration of their pattern. In my opinion, the brand awareness that Rogaine has built over the past 8 years coupled with a reduction in price and no need for multiple MD visits would increase sales a great deal. I predict that the competition would have a very small market share, at least initially. * Would the US marketing strategy developed for nonprescription Rogaine prior to the FDA’s recent rulings need to be modified? It would have to be modified slightly, to exclude the word â€Å"only†. I recommend keeping â€Å"Rogaine†, as it’s a strong name to build upon, as well as the concept of â€Å"system of hair care†, integrating Progaine’s name with Rogaine. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmacia Upjohn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page References Kerin R. amp; Peterson R. 2011. Strategic Marketing Problems. Cases and Comments. Pearson

The Book of Love Review Essay Example

The Book of Love Review Paper Essay on The Book of Love I encountered in the network on this masterpiece. Looked at Bukmikse, it turned out that one of the books by this author already has a review, read it, posomotrela mixed reviews online and sdela conclusion to accept the book should be as close as possible to close your eyes to count to 10 while mentally to return to their years or so 6 . Remember your perception of the world, chat with friends, their interests, ridiculous situations, questions parents and only then open your eyes and while all memories are not dispelled Snack quickly read, or rather even view this incredible book a set of pictures Describing it is a wonderful feeling, LOVE So, it all started very cute:. Love a feeling which can bubble up like lemonade! Yes familiar, who does not like to holiday as a child to beg my mother to buy a Duchess or Pinocchio, but its good its love We will write a custom essay sample on The Book of Love Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Book of Love Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Book of Love Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer were further mathematical formulas with hearts of love and sorrow buckets, beside which stood the equality and the inscription love has a downside, and all was seen on the example of withered flowers in a pot, okay it is also understandable, but the flowers and have withered in the house, well I just killed on the phrase from love you can fall in love, here I am for the time was not able to do anything and fell out of his six, but packed up and moved on I stumbled a few pictures on the dog, about which in a fit of love is also possible zapnutsya..mozg has already started to warm up went on and then again with a flower pot, but beside him, for a moment, asleep standing very nesimpotishny type with a red nose and watering can in his hand, and the inscription at the bottom convinces me that this is love! quiet .. quiet .. comfort myself, close my eyes the example of the type and move on Valentines images are getting worse, they become thicker and lipped Later, the author recalls us about God, while on the very next picture paints a canary in a skirt and her loving fans then everything is very cute, and then who do you think:)))) sexual minorities. In my head there is a question: Why would I know about it in 6 years? Immediately conjure up a story in which a handsome prince riding a white horse to save his beautiful ..eee her handsome prince from captivity and how he will lower his scythe to the rose uh do not understand well, warned also I continue reading and here it is very interesting! the most terrible picture of genitals, that I saw! These incredible cock and hole will be remembered for a long time:))))) If I were a child, seeing this, the idea of ​​a prince Id just crossed:))))))))) not to mention the fact, that would run to my mother in tears and asked her when the same will happen this horror and I will grow so big holes then everything is not clear about some eggs and then they the child tied to her mother, drawn at a great distance through umbilical cord and mother in a huge round red mouth lays all the small stuff such as potato chips and Coke and it all flows through the umbilical cord happy ebenku! And this is called love? :)))) We have a mother gave anathema in a society:)))) Well, what can I say, it may be European or American children so learn about the world, our, I think would have thrown the book or painted purple markers. Read it with your child, I could not. and no one would not advise this. If you have decided to still look at it, heres a link Enjoy . P.S. if someone is inspired, in the authors works there is still a book On the poop